{"id":738,"date":"2020-01-12T20:46:45","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T01:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=738"},"modified":"2020-01-13T14:14:11","modified_gmt":"2020-01-13T19:14:11","slug":"haiti-10-ans-apres-le-seisme-leconomie-nationale-est-encore-sans-squelette","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2020\/01\/12\/haiti-10-ans-apres-le-seisme-leconomie-nationale-est-encore-sans-squelette\/","title":{"rendered":"Ha\u00efti: 10 ans apr\u00e8s le s\u00e9isme, l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale est encore sans squelette"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><em>Par Carlos DODIEU,<br>\u00c9conomiste<\/em>, <em>Analyste financier<\/em><br><br>Dix ans apr\u00e8s l\u2019h\u00e9catombe du 12 janvier 2010, l\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019Ha\u00efti est encore priv\u00e9e de squelette. Le squelette d\u2019une \u00e9conomie s\u2019entend des infrastructures sous forme de ports, de routes, de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et d\u2019eau potable. Ces infrastructures remplissent deux fonctions cruciales : d\u2019une part, elles fournissent des services essentiels et offrent la capacit\u00e9 aux agents \u00e9conomiques d\u2019avoir une activit\u00e9 de production\u00a0; d\u2019autre part, elles cr\u00e9ent des impacts positifs sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique dans son ensemble (externalit\u00e9s positives) en facilitant la connexion entre les citoyens et les diff\u00e9rents circuits de commercialisation (les march\u00e9s), tout en incitant les investissements priv\u00e9s \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019induire la croissance (Barro,1990).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">La qualit\u00e9 des services de transport et de logistique en Ha\u00efti n\u2019est pas au rendez-vous. L\u2019approvisionnement en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et en eau fait cruellement d\u00e9faut. Le r\u00e9seau routier ha\u00eftien est en piteux \u00e9tat, ce qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re une augmentation superflue des co\u00fbts. Ha\u00efti est moins int\u00e9gr\u00e9e aux r\u00e9seaux maritimes mondiaux que de nombreux pays en d\u00e9veloppement, ce qui est refl\u00e9t\u00e9 dans ses scores m\u00e9diocres pour de nombreux indicateurs relatifs aux infrastructures, notamment l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, aux routes et aux ports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">En se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 l\u2019indice global de la performance logistique de la Banque mondiale (LPI) relatif au commerce dans six domaines fondamentaux, \u00e0 savoir les douanes, l\u2019infrastructure, les exp\u00e9ditions internationales, la comp\u00e9tence logistique, la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et le suivi ainsi que le respect des d\u00e9lais de livraison, on peut dire que la situation d\u2019Ha\u00efti, de janvier 2010 \u00e0 nos jours, a encore empir\u00e9. En effet, le pays est pass\u00e9 du 98e en 2010 au 153e rang en 2012 et en 2018. Il feint d\u2019am\u00e9liorer en 2014 en occupant le 144<sup>e<\/sup> rang pour replonger au 159e en 2016 sur 160 pays en termes de performance logistique globalement. Eu \u00e9gard aux infrastructures sp\u00e9cifiquement, Ha\u00efti est pass\u00e9 du 108e rang en 2010 au 151e rang 2014 et au 147e rang en 2018 sur 160 pays. Pour les transactions douani\u00e8res, le pays \u00e9tait class\u00e9 121e en 2010 contre 158e en 2016 et 142e en 2018. L\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 et l\u2019inefficience des transports, qu\u2019ils soient routiers, maritimes ou a\u00e9riens, corroborent donc la faiblesse de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 d\u2019Ha\u00efti au cours de la d\u00e9cennie 2010-2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Perfomance-graph.png?resize=479%2C303&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Perfomance-graph.png?w=479&amp;ssl=1 479w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Perfomance-graph.png?resize=300%2C190&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><figcaption>Source: Banque mondiale (donn\u00e9es)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les d\u00e9penses en capital de l\u2019\u00c9tat, devant permettre aux pouvoirs publics d\u2019\u00e9tablir les infrastructures n\u00e9cessaires, accusent des taux relativement faibles en pourcentage du PIB au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie&nbsp;: 2010 (3,64&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2011 (2,27&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2012 (3,75&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2013 (3,69&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2014 (1,89&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2015 (1,47&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2016 (1,22&nbsp;%)&nbsp;; 2017 (1,08&nbsp;%) et 2018 (1,34&nbsp;%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"484\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Invest-1.png?resize=484%2C366&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Invest-1.png?w=484&amp;ssl=1 484w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Invest-1.png?resize=300%2C227&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><figcaption>Source: BRH (donn\u00e9es)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Le s\u00e9isme du 12 janvier 2010, en d\u00e9pit du malheur qu\u2019il charrie, aurait pu \u00eatre une occasion pour l\u2019\u00c9tat de mettre l\u2019emphase sur les services et sur les infrastructures de base constitutives du squelette de l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale. En d\u2019autres termes, le choix des investissements publics devait reposer sur la prise en consid\u00e9ration des projets, politiques et r\u00e9glementations publiques capables de construire les conditions sine qua non du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019Ha\u00efti, \u00e0 savoir, la mise en place des infrastructures de base que sont les routes, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, les ports susceptibles d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le rythme de capital physique de l\u2019\u00e9conomie (Solow, 1950). Malheureusement, corruption et manque de vision aidant, rien de tout cela n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Bien que les infrastructures aient une dimension tr\u00e8s fortement capitalistique (elles n\u00e9cessitent beaucoup d\u2019argent), Ha\u00efti aurait pu s\u2019en sortir avec les fonds re\u00e7us de Petrocaribe et ceux collect\u00e9s dans le cadre de la Commission int\u00e9rimaire pour la reconstruction d\u2019Ha\u00efti (CIRH). Malheureusement, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et les institutions \u00e9tatiques de contr\u00f4le n\u2019ont pas su tirer la sonnette d\u2019alarme en temps r\u00e9el, ce qui explique, qu\u2019en 2020, on d\u00e9plore encore la dilapidation de plusieurs milliards de dollars US pr\u00e9judiciables au d\u00e9veloppement du pays et que les dilapidateurs n\u2019encourent presque pas la sanction de restitution des deniers du peuple frauduleusement soustraits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">En somme, au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, la corruption en Ha\u00efti a atteint son paroxysme, emp\u00eachant, du coup, la constitution du squelette de l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale. Les ressources financi\u00e8res devant contribuer \u00e0 la mise en place des infrastructures et au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019Ha\u00efti se sont \u00e9vapor\u00e9es par l\u2019appropriation ill\u00e9gale des deniers de l\u2019\u00c9tat par une \u00e9lite politique corrompue et une mafia \u00e9conomique tant nationale qu\u2019internationale avide de pr\u00e9bendes et de concussions. Des sommes importantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 allou\u00e9es \u00e0 des projets fant\u00f4mes, au grand dam de l\u2019ossature de notre \u00e9conomie d\u00e9j\u00e0 exsangue et grabataire. Alors que le s\u00e9isme a permis \u00e0 Ha\u00efti d\u2019\u00eatre sous les feux projecteurs des bailleurs de fonds internationaux, une mauvaise planification a valu \u00e0 la montagne l\u2019accouchement d\u2019une souris, faute d\u2019investissements efficaces et efficients dans les infrastructures de base. Un galvaudage de plus dont nous devrons collectivement nous remettre au cours de la d\u00e9cennie 2020-2030.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par Carlos DODIEU,\u00c9conomiste, Analyste financier Dix ans apr\u00e8s l\u2019h\u00e9catombe du 12 janvier 2010, l\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019Ha\u00efti&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[36,33],"class_list":["post-738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","tag-economie","tag-haiti"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ha\u00efti: 10 ans apr\u00e8s le s\u00e9isme, l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale est encore sans squelette - Port-au-Prince Post<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par Carlos DODIEU,\u00c9conomiste, Analyste financierDix ans apr\u00e8s l\u2019h\u00e9catombe du 12 janvier 2010, l\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019Ha\u00efti est encore priv\u00e9e de squelette. 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