{"id":2878,"date":"2023-02-24T15:09:52","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T20:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=2878"},"modified":"2023-02-24T15:09:56","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T20:09:56","slug":"a-lunesco-nesmy-manigat-evoque-le-malaise-du-creole-dans-leducation-haitienne-et-la-necessite-dune-education-multilingue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2023\/02\/24\/a-lunesco-nesmy-manigat-evoque-le-malaise-du-creole-dans-leducation-haitienne-et-la-necessite-dune-education-multilingue\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 l\u2019UNESCO, Nesmy Manigat \u00e9voque le malaise du cr\u00e9ole dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation ha\u00eftienne et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9ducation multilingue<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Par la R\u00e9daction de Port-au-Prince Post<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le ministre de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, Nesmy Manigat a tenu un vibrant discours \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la Journ\u00e9e internationale de la langue maternelle, c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le 21 f\u00e9vrier. Le ministre a d\u00e9fendu le cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien, l\u2019unique langue parl\u00e9e par tous les Ha\u00eftiens, et pourtant, trop fr\u00e9quemment, objet de ridiculisation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et dont l\u2019usage est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un manque d\u2019intelligence pouvant conduire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des ch\u00e2timents corporels, en salle de classe. \u00ab 74 ans plus tard, des millions d\u2019individus, parmi lesquels 4 millions d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves et d\u2019apprenants ha\u00eftiens, souffrent de discrimination par rapport \u00e0 leur culture et en particulier leur langue maternelle \u00bb, se lamente-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u00efti et l\u2019Indon\u00e9sie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e les deux invit\u00e9s sp\u00e9ciaux de la Journ\u00e9e internationale de la langue maternelle, c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le 21 f\u00e9vrier. Dans son discours prononc\u00e9 au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019UNESCO, \u00e0 Paris, le ministre Nesmy Manigat, qui milite pour l\u2019apprentissage en cr\u00e9ole dans les \u00e9coles ha\u00eftiennes, a parl\u00e9 sans langue de bois. Il a touch\u00e9 la plaie du doigt : le cr\u00e9ole dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation ha\u00eftienne.
\u00ab On ne sera pas surpris, alors, que dans une classe d\u2019\u00e2ge de 100 enfants, 33% abandonnent d\u00e9j\u00e0 apr\u00e8s les 6 premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et que seuls environ 10% ach\u00e8vent le secondaire \u00bb, a fait remarquer le ministre Manigat avant de faire ce constat accablant : \u00ab la majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e8ves s\u2019abstient, en salle de classe, de parler le fran\u00e7ais, une langue seconde qui leur est souvent compl\u00e8tement \u00e9trang\u00e8re, par peur de commettre des fautes, s\u2019abstient du coup de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et de participer, se contentant de r\u00e9citer par c\u0153ur, sans bien comprendre, pour \u00e9viter d\u2019\u00eatre punis et humili\u00e9s devant les camarades. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a 74 ans, un ancien ministre d\u2019\u00e9ducation d\u2019Ha\u00efti, \u00c9mile Saint-Lot, agissant comme ambassadeur d\u2019Ha\u00efti aux Nations-Unies, signait \u00e0 Paris la D\u00e9claration Universelle des Droits de l\u2019Homme, se souvient le ministre r\u00e9formateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab 74 ans plus tard, ce syst\u00e8me de certitudes morales se cherche encore, car s\u2019il est largement admis que tous les \u00eatres humains naissent libres, ils ne vivent toujours pas tous \u00e9gaux en dignit\u00e9 et en plein respect de leurs droits sociaux et culturels. 74 ans plus tard, le cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien, l\u2019unique langue parl\u00e9e par tous les Ha\u00eftiens, est pourtant, trop fr\u00e9quemment, objet de ridiculisation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et dont l\u2019usage est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un manque d\u2019intelligence pouvant conduire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des ch\u00e2timents corporels, en salle de classe \u00bb, s\u2019est plaint le ministre Manigat, qui veut changer la donne.
\u00ab C\u2019est ce d\u00e9fi qu\u2019un autre ministre d\u2019\u00e9ducation, Joseph C. Bernard a tent\u00e9 d\u2019adresser \u00e0 travers une vaste r\u00e9forme pour introduire la culture comme \u00e9l\u00e9ment fondamental et le cr\u00e9ole comme langue d\u2019enseignement dans les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l\u2019\u00e9cole primaire, il y a 41 ans \u00bb, a tenu \u00e0 rappeler le ministre Manigat, regrettant que le fameux d\u00e9cret de 1982 intitul\u00e9 \u00ab D\u00e9cret organisant le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif ha\u00eftien en vue d’offrir des chances \u00e9gales \u00e0 tous et de refl\u00e9ter la culture ha\u00eftienne \u00bb ait \u00e9t\u00e9 combattu par diff\u00e9rents secteurs, tant nationaux qu\u2019\u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grandi au sien d\u2019une famille compos\u00e9e d\u2019une m\u00e8re institutrice d\u2019\u00e9cole publique rurale et d\u2019un p\u00e8re instituteur d\u2019\u00e9cole publique urbaine, le ministre Manigat partage son souvenir de la fracture entre cette \u00e9cole rurale de l\u2019\u00e9chec scolaire et de l\u2019\u00e9chec social, en comparaison avec l\u2019\u00e9cole en milieu urbain qui r\u00e9ussissait juste un peu mieux. La raison : l\u2019\u00e9cole en milieu urbain est plus proche des r\u00e9seaux de couverture de radios diffusant quelques nouvelles et chansons en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de ma m\u00e8re r\u00e9ussissaient mieux dans les sciences exp\u00e9rimentales. L\u2019utilisation p\u00e9dagogique du territoire rural permettait de donner du sens aux apprentissages, car les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de la campagne cultivaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 leurs propres jardins, apportaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole le fruit de leur r\u00e9colte et dessinaient mieux la flore et la faune \u00bb, se souvient le num\u00e9ro un du MENFP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Nesmy Manigat, l\u2019\u00e9cole, ce n\u2019est pas uniquement un lieu pour apprendre, mais un lieu pour vivre son pays, perp\u00e9tuer l\u2019h\u00e9ritage linguistique, construire et transmettre les valeurs et savoirs culturels, et penser le monde. C\u2019est aussi un lieu pour parler sa langue maternelle sans \u00eatre ridiculis\u00e9, un lieu pour apprendre autant des plantes m\u00e9dicinales indig\u00e8nes que des plantes exotiques, un lieu pour apprendre \u00e0 produire et \u00e0 manger \u00e0 la cantine scolaire les produits du terroir, donc, pour savourer sa soupe au giraumon, traduisons en cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien, la \u00ab Soup Joumou \u00bb inscrite en 2021 sur la liste du patrimoine culturel immat\u00e9riel de l’humanit\u00e9 de l\u2019UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nesmy Manigat vante son projet ambitieux de financer et doter tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves des \u00e9coles publiques et priv\u00e9es des deux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es du primaire ou du fondamental, d\u2019un manuel scolaire en cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien. \u00ab Il contient 4 mati\u00e8res en cr\u00e9ole : la langue cr\u00e9ole, les sciences exp\u00e9rimentales, les sciences sociales et les math\u00e9matiques, et une seule en fran\u00e7ais : la langue fran\u00e7aise. \u00bb
Selon le ministre Manigat, une version num\u00e9rique existe aussi et fonctionne \u00e0 la fois sur tablette et t\u00e9l\u00e9phone intelligent. \u00ab Ha\u00efti a aussi r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9marr\u00e9 un projet pilote d\u2019utilisation du cr\u00e9ole \u00e0 partir de tableaux num\u00e9riques, exp\u00e9rience qui sera pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e plus tard dans le panel \u00bb, s\u2019est-il f\u00e9licit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le ministre a fait le plaidoyer pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation multilingue, bas\u00e9e sur la langue maternelle. Celle-ci, est, aux yeux du ministre, un puissant d\u00e9nominateur commun pour permettre \u00e0 Ha\u00efti, travers\u00e9e par beaucoup de contradictions, de communiquer, de construire du sens et de renforcer la coh\u00e9sion d\u2019une nation afin de pouvoir offrir \u00e0 ses millions de jeunes l\u2019espoir d\u2019une r\u00e9ussite scolaire et socio-\u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Le multilinguisme bas\u00e9 sur la langue maternelle nous oblige aussi \u00e0 poursuivre le chantier de la transformation curriculaire \u00e0 travers l\u2019am\u00e9nagement linguistique avec l\u2019appui de linguistes sp\u00e9cialistes du domaine, le recrutement d\u2019enseignants venant de diff\u00e9rents parcours, et la formation de formateurs \u00e0 la didactique de la langue maternelle \u00bb, a insist\u00e9 le ministre qui dit travailler sur la professionnalisation des enseignants dans la perspective d\u2019un enseignement plus authentique de l\u2019histoire, du patrimoine, des arts et de la culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Il n\u2019est pas simplement question de traduire en cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien un imaginaire d\u2019ailleurs ou un r\u00e9el import\u00e9, mais il s\u2019agit d\u2019un exercice pour penser le monde, penser Ha\u00efti dans sa langue maternelle, proposer des solutions aux graves probl\u00e8mes, acqu\u00e9rir et d\u00e9velopper des comp\u00e9tences du 21\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, innover pour saisir les opportunit\u00e9s de ce monde en mouvement \u00bb, a declare le professeur Manigat, pour qui, l\u2019\u00e9cole multilingue, c\u2019est un pont vers la langue seconde et les langues r\u00e9gionales internationales, dont l\u2019anglais et l\u2019espagnol, pour plus de droits sociaux et \u00e9conomiques pour les jeunes en qu\u00eate d\u2019emplois en particulier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab L\u2019\u00e9cole multilingue, c\u2019est aussi un pont pour maitriser les mati\u00e8res scientifiques qui permettent non pas de subir le monde actuel, mais d\u2019\u00eatre pleinement citoyen-acteur de la transformation de son milieu \u00bb, a-t-il l\u00e2ch\u00e9. Dans cette qu\u00eate vers l\u2019innovation, poursuit Nesmy Manigat, Ha\u00efti s\u2019engage \u00e0 partager avec le reste du monde les r\u00e9sultats dont l\u2019un des objectifs est de rompre avec l\u2019\u00e9cole de l\u2019\u00e9chec scolaire et de garantir le plein exercice des droits \u00e9conomiques d\u2019une jeunesse qui, aujourd\u2019hui, ne r\u00eave que de quitter son pays. \u00ab L\u2019\u00e9cole ne peut pas attendre, l\u2019\u00e9cole dans la langue maternelle ne peut pas attendre\u00bb, a conclu le ministre Manigat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par la R\u00e9daction de Port-au-Prince Post Le ministre de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, Nesmy Manigat a tenu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[33,2334,2335,2368],"class_list":["post-2878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-haiti","tag-menfp","tag-nesmy","tag-unesco"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c0 l\u2019UNESCO, Nesmy Manigat \u00e9voque le malaise du cr\u00e9ole dans 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