{"id":2357,"date":"2021-03-29T14:34:01","date_gmt":"2021-03-29T18:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=2357"},"modified":"2021-03-29T15:46:06","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T19:46:06","slug":"cryptomonnaies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2021\/03\/29\/cryptomonnaies\/","title":{"rendered":"Les cryptomonnaies ou l&#8217;avenir de la monnaie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong><em>Claude Junior Charles, avocat.<br>Ma\u00eetre en droit \u2013 droit des affaires<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Les r\u00e9centes variations \u00e0 la hausse du roi des cryptomonnaies, <em>bitcoin<\/em>, dont la valeur boursi\u00e8re a atteint au moins 57&nbsp;000,00 USD en date du 21 mars 2021<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> traduisent ce que le patron de Microsoft, Bill Gates, qualifie de tour de force technologique<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. Ce nouvel usage num\u00e9rique continue de remettre en question le syst\u00e8me mon\u00e9taire et financier traditionnel tant au niveau national qu\u2019international. D\u2019ailleurs, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9, \u00e0 la suite de la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>, dans l\u2019objectif de rompre le lien de confiance avec les institutions d\u2019\u00e9tat qui jouent le r\u00f4le d\u2019autorit\u00e9 centrale de contr\u00f4le des transactions financi\u00e8res<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Aujourd\u2019hui, il ne fait aucun doute que les nouveaux usages du num\u00e9rique rendent les transactions commerciales de plus en plus virtuelles. D\u2019autant plus que pour leurs adeptes, les cryptomonnaies sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme l\u2019avenir de la monnaie<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>. D\u2019autres pr\u00e9textant le contraire en consid\u00e9rant qu\u2019elles repr\u00e9sentent un danger pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<a href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. Sur ces entrefaites, ce billet a pour objectif de traiter sommairement de la notion de cryptomonnaie et ses caract\u00e9ristiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>Quid des cryptomonnaies ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Le laur\u00e9at du Prix Nobel d\u2019\u00e9conomie de 1976, Milton Friedman, lors d\u2019une entrevue accord\u00e9e en 1999, avait pr\u00e9dit qu\u2019internet serait \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une r\u00e9volution qui permettra de transf\u00e9rer des fonds de A \u00e0 B sans que A connaisse B ou que B connaisse A<a href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>. Nul doute que les cryptomonnaies sont l\u2019objet de cette pr\u00e9diction \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une innovation technologique qui permet d\u2019effectuer des paiements entre pairs de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e sans passer par un interm\u00e9diaire financier traditionnel<a href=\"#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>. Cela dit, la cryptomonnaie est d\u00e9finie comme \u00ab&nbsp;une monnaie virtuelle utilis\u00e9e pour des \u00e9changes de biens ou de services, de pair \u00e0 pair, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante du syst\u00e8me bancaire ou de toute politique mon\u00e9taire, et dont l\u2019\u00e9mission et les transactions reposent sur la technologie des cha\u00eenes de blocs&nbsp;\u00bb<a href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>. Ces derni\u00e8res, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9es <em>Blockchain<\/em>, sont la technologie derri\u00e8re cette monnaie cryptographique. Elles se d\u00e9finissent comme \u00ab&nbsp;une technologie de stockage num\u00e9rique et de transmission \u00e0 co\u00fbt minime, d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e et totalement s\u00e9curis\u00e9e&nbsp;\u00bb<a href=\"#_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> ou encore comme un grand livre comptable qui retrace toutes les transactions financi\u00e8res d\u2019une institution depuis sa constitution. Pour sa part, le <em>Bitcoin <\/em>est un syst\u00e8me de transaction \u00e9lectronique qui fonctionne sur le principe de cette technologie de stockage<a href=\"#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>. Bien entendu, le <em>Bitcoin<\/em> avec le \u00ab&nbsp;B&nbsp;\u00bb majuscule d\u00e9signe la structure technologique qui permet les transactions, alors que le <em>bitcoin<\/em> avec le \u00ab&nbsp;b&nbsp;\u00bb minuscule concerne l\u2019unit\u00e9 qui a une valeur mon\u00e9taire. Bien que ces deux technologies pr\u00eatent souvent \u00e0 confusion, il faut retenir que le <em>Bitcoin <\/em>repose sur une valeur mon\u00e9taire, tandis que la cha\u00eene de blocs, qui offre des possibilit\u00e9s plus larges, lui sert de base de donn\u00e9es pour le stockage et le transfert des valeurs en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9<a href=\"#_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>LIRE AUSSI: <a href=\"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/02\/finance-et-technologie-entre-idees-chantiers-et-espoir-pour-haiti\/\">Finance et technologie : entre id\u00e9es, chantiers et espoir pour Ha\u00efti<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>Les caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Les cryptomonnaies doivent toute leur noblesse \u00e0 la technologie de la cha\u00eene de blocs, car elle repr\u00e9sente le registre dans lequel toutes les transactions effectu\u00e9es sans distinction sont relat\u00e9es. Mieux encore, elle fournit aux cryptomonnaies ses caract\u00e9ristiques de d\u00e9centralisation, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de transparence et d\u2019immutabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Comme relat\u00e9 pr\u00e9alablement, les caract\u00e9ristiques de la cha\u00eene de blocs constituent sa force ou celle des cryptomonnaies. D\u2019abord, les transactions financi\u00e8res en cryptomonnaies sont effectu\u00e9es sur une technologie d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e ne d\u00e9pendant d\u2019aucune autorit\u00e9 centrale de contr\u00f4le. Elle a vu le jour \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 les consommateurs, victimes de la faiblesse des institutions financi\u00e8res centralis\u00e9es lors de la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008, sont \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019un syst\u00e8me qu\u2019ils peuvent faire confiance, la cha\u00eene de blocs. Ensuite, la d\u00e9centralisation de cette technologie procure s\u00e9curit\u00e9 parce que le r\u00e9seau est con\u00e7u au moyen de n\u0153uds \u00e9parpill\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le monde<a href=\"#_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>, ces derniers \u00e9tant tous les ordinateurs situ\u00e9s dans tout le globe et connect\u00e9s audit r\u00e9seau. De plus, en parlant de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 offerte par cette technologie, il faut souligner qu\u2019elle n\u2019est r\u00e9gie ni par des humains ni par des institutions financi\u00e8res, mais par un syst\u00e8me informatis\u00e9 dont les logiciels sont r\u00e9partis sur des r\u00e9seaux d\u2019ordinateurs \u00e0 travers le monde. \u00c0 la question de savoir si les cryptomonnaies peuvent faire l\u2019objet de piratage, ses adeptes r\u00e9pondent par la n\u00e9gative arguant qu\u2019il est impossible de pirater tous les ordinateurs constituant la <em>Blockchain.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">En ce qui concerne la transparence, l\u2019un des usages de la cha\u00eene de blocs est qu\u2019elle est un registre de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de biens et d\u2019actifs. En ce sens, elle stocke toutes les donn\u00e9es des transactions financi\u00e8res depuis leur existence ainsi que leur provenance. Autrement dit, il est loisible de qualifier cette technologie de transparente parce que quiconque est capable de la t\u00e9l\u00e9charger dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 en vue de v\u00e9rifier toutes les transactions qui y sont effectu\u00e9es<a href=\"#_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>. Ainsi, il est possible de remonter jusqu\u2019en l\u2019an 1 pour attester de la provenance d\u2019un actif qui a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une transaction. S\u2019agissant, en dernier lieu, de son caract\u00e8re immuable, il est impossible de modifier les donn\u00e9es transactionnelles. En d\u2019autres termes, l\u2019immutabilit\u00e9 renvoie \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de la technologie \u00e0 emp\u00eacher l\u2019alt\u00e9ration de transactions d\u00e9j\u00e0 confirm\u00e9es<a href=\"#_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>\u00c0 retenir \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la cha\u00eene de blocs, des transactions financi\u00e8res sont effectu\u00e9es en monnaies virtuelles et enregistr\u00e9es sous format num\u00e9rique sans avoir recours \u00e0 un interm\u00e9diaire de confiance. Elles sont incontestablement disruptives, contestant ainsi le syst\u00e8me financier traditionnel. Toutefois, il convient de souligner qu\u2019elles font aussi l\u2019objet de craintes dues aux incertitudes juridiques y relatives. C\u2019est pourquoi, nous nous proposons d\u2019aborder ult\u00e9rieurement d\u2019autres th\u00e9matiques pour en faciliter la compr\u00e9hension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u00ab&nbsp;Bitcoin USD (BTC-USD) &#8211; Cours et donn\u00e9es historiques des actions&nbsp;\u00bb, en ligne: <em>Yahoo Finance<\/em> &lt;https:\/\/fr.finance.yahoo.com\/quote\/BTC-USD\/history\/&gt;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Saoud Maherzi, \u00ab&nbsp;Cryptomonnaie 101: C\u2019est quoi le Bitcoin\u202f?&nbsp;\u00bb, <em>Le Journal de Montr\u00e9al<\/em> (25 mars 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Marie-Claude Esposito, \u00ab&nbsp;La v\u00e9ritable histoire de la crise financi\u00e8re 2008&nbsp;\u00bb (2013) 37:3 OT 127\u2011158.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Erwan Joncheres, <em>Encadrement juridique des monnaies num\u00e9riques\u202f: Bitcoin et autres cryptomonnaies<\/em> (M\u00e9moire (LL. M.), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2015) [unpublished] \u00e0 la p 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Bertrand Schepper &amp; Nadia Seraiocco, \u00ab&nbsp;Les cryptomonnaies, une technologie prometteuse ou dangereuse\u202f?&nbsp;\u00bb (2018) 799 Relations 12\u201113 \u00e0 la p 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> <em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> <em>Milton Friedman Full Interview on Anti-Trust and Tech<\/em>. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Milton+Friedman+Full+Interview<br>+on+Anti-Trust+and+Tech<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> Primavera De Filippi, <em>Blockchain et cryptomonnaies<\/em>, Paris, Que sais-je?\/Humensis, 2018 \u00e0 la p 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> <em>Office qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, 2019 <em>sub verbo<\/em> \u00ab&nbsp;cryptomonnaie&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> Claire F\u00e9n\u00e9ron Plisson, \u00ab&nbsp;La blockchain, un bouleversement \u00e9conomique, juridique voire soci\u00e9tal&nbsp;\u00bb (2017) 54:3 I2D 20 au para 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> Amaury Perrin, \u00ab&nbsp;Le bitcoin et le droit&nbsp;: probl\u00e9matiques de qualification, enjeux de r\u00e9gulation&nbsp;\u00bb (2019) 1:1 GFP 84\u201193 \u00e0 la p 84.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> De Filippi, <em>supra<\/em> note 8 \u00e0 la p 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> Martin Chevalier &amp; Benjamin Vignolles, \u00ab&nbsp;Le bitcoin\u202f: d\u00e9fi \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire des \u00c9tats et ressource pour le blanchiment d\u2019argent&nbsp;\u00bb (2014) 14:1 RCE 122 au para 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> Plisson, <em>supra<\/em> note 10 aux para 4\u20117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> \u00ab&nbsp;Qu\u2019est-ce qui rend la Blockchain s\u00e9curis\u00e9e?&nbsp;\u00bb, en ligne: <em>Binance Academy<\/em> &lt;https:\/\/academy.binance.com\/fr\/articles\/what-makes-a-blockchain-secure&gt;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Claude Junior Charles, avocat.Ma\u00eetre en droit \u2013 droit des affaires Les r\u00e9centes variations \u00e0 la&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[14],"tags":[2299],"class_list":["post-2357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-bitcoin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les cryptomonnaies ou l&#039;avenir de la monnaie - Port-au-Prince Post<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Claude 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