{"id":2222,"date":"2021-02-03T19:11:44","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T00:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=2222"},"modified":"2021-02-03T19:11:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T00:11:51","slug":"haiti-et-le-processus-du-changement-de-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/03\/haiti-et-le-processus-du-changement-de-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Ha\u00efti et le processus du changement de Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Par La R\u00e9daction de Port-au-Prince Post<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un consensus semble s’\u00e9tablir autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de changer la charte fondamentale de la R\u00e9publique. Vieille de 34 ans environ, adopt\u00e9e dans un contexte socio-politique euphorique propice \u00e0 l’ostracisation d’une cat\u00e9gorie d’Ha\u00eftiennes et d\u2019Ha\u00eftiens, impr\u00e9gn\u00e9e de l’esprit de revanche contre le pr\u00e9sidentialisme fort repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par les 29 ans de dictature, la Constitution de 1987 porte les stigmates de son temps. Elle semble avoir fait son temps \u00e0 un point tel que tous les secteurs sociaux et politiques sont favorables \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme en profondeur de l’architecture du droit de l’Etat \u00e0 travers l’adoption d’une nouvelle charte fondamentale. De la “Chaire Louis Joseph Janvier” de l’Universit\u00e9 Quesqueya aux prises de position du feu Docteur Momferrier Dorval en passant par les diff\u00e9rents documents tenant lieu de proposition de sortie de crise des principales structures de l’opposition, la nouvelle d\u00e9cennie voit les violons s’accorder autour d’un consensus : la Constitution ha\u00eftienne de 1987 m\u00e9rite d’\u00eatre revisit\u00e9e pour une nouvelle ing\u00e9nierie institutionnelle \u00e9tatique capable de mieux se colleter \u00e0 notre r\u00e9el v\u00e9cu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce consensus parait d’autant plus pr\u00e9gnant que le pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif actuel semble faire \u00e9galement de la question constitutionnelle une grande priorit\u00e9. Avant la fin de la 50e L\u00e9gislature, conform\u00e9ment aux proc\u00e9dures trac\u00e9es par la loi-m\u00e8re, il y a eu une tentative d’amendement qui allait finalement \u00eatre avort\u00e9e, faute d’un consensus suffisant tant au niveau de la Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s qu’au niveau du S\u00e9nat. Depuis la fin de cette dite l\u00e9gislature, le pr\u00e9sident Jovenel Mo\u00efse prend le relais depuis la publication des d\u00e9crets ayant institu\u00e9 respectivement un Conseil \u00e9lectoral provisoire avec pour mission additionnelle de piloter un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum pour changer de Constitution et un Comit\u00e9 consultatif ind\u00e9pendant (nomm\u00e9 par le Chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat) charg\u00e9 d’\u00e9laborer l’avant-projet constitutionnel dont l’adoption se fera par voie r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire selon les voeux de l’Ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si le consensus autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de changer de Constitution prend forme au fur et \u00e0 mesure, il y a encore un certain dissensus qui s’installe quand il s’agit de parler des modalit\u00e9s et du contenu de ce dit changement. \u00c0 partir de quelles modalit\u00e9s ? D’aucuns restent attach\u00e9s aux proc\u00e9dures trac\u00e9es par la Constitution de 1987 et optent, par cons\u00e9quent, pour des amendements \u00e0 partir du travail du constituant d\u00e9riv\u00e9 (le parlementaire). D’autres acteurs pensent qu’en dehors des proc\u00e9dures constitutionnelles, il est temps de solliciter les bons offices du pouvoir constituant originaire (le peuple), le souverain par excellence. Quel doit \u00eatre le contenu de la nouvelle constitution ? Quel doit \u00eatre le r\u00e9gime politique adopt\u00e9 ? Doit-on opter pour le monocam\u00e9risme (une seule chambre) ou le bicam\u00e9risme (deux chambres) ? Au niveau du contenu, les positions sont aussi divergentes. Bref ! Il y a lieu de parler de consensus global sur le projet de r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle, mais de dissensus portant sur deux aspects : les modalit\u00e9s, d’une part, le contenu, d’autre part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a lieu de rappeler que le processus d\u00e9mocratique ha\u00eftien ne peut souffrir d’aucune r\u00e9gression. Au contraire, il y a lieu de l’affermir. D’o\u00f9 l’imp\u00e9rieuse n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un d\u00e9bat ouvert autour de la probl\u00e9matique constitutionnelle. Ce n\u2019est pas le sort d’une famille politique particuli\u00e8re qui se joue dans cette aventure, mais plut\u00f4t le destin d\u2019un pays. Faut-il laisser le champ libre \u00e0 un seul groupe de d\u00e9cider quelle constitution Ha\u00efti m\u00e9rite, quel type de parlement qui lui si\u00e9rait et quel r\u00e9gime politique serait \u00e0 m\u00eame de rapprocher notre pays d\u2019une gouvernance mieux adapt\u00e9e aux d\u00e9fis pr\u00e9sents et futurs de notre temps? Si on doit changer cette constitution, comment proc\u00e9der en priorisant Ha\u00efti, ce bien collectif, au d\u00e9triment des int\u00e9r\u00eats partisans ou de groupes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et c\u2019est l\u00e0 tout l\u2019enjeu de tout changement de constitution en Ha\u00efti: le fusionnement des int\u00e9r\u00eats politiques et \u00e9conomiques de divers groupes, des \u00e9lites en tout genre. M\u00eame si une nouvelle constitution ne signifie pas forc\u00e9ment qu\u2019Ha\u00efti serait soudainement susceptible de contourner ses vieux d\u00e9mons, de r\u00e9pondre aux questions que posent la mondialisation, de panser ses plaies et de, entre autres, combler ses besoins s\u00e9culaires, chaque chapelle politique aspire \u00e0 changer la constitution \u00e0 sa fa\u00e7on, quitte \u00e0 ass\u00e9ner des coups tordus \u00e0 celles et ceux qui sont per\u00e7us comme adversaires. Mais le contexte en appelle \u00e0 un don de soi, \u00e0 un d\u00e9passement de soi pour prioriser le devenir collectif du peuple ha\u00eftien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ici, \u00e0 Port-au-Prince Post, on croit fortement que personne n\u2019a la recette magique pour offrir \u00e0 la nation une nouvelle constitution capable d\u2019instituer les bases d\u2019un nouveau mode gouvernance ax\u00e9 sur la culture des r\u00e9sultats. En effet, \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 le Comit\u00e9 consultatif ind\u00e9pendant vient de publier le premier draft officiel du contenu de la nouvelle constitution, Port-au-Prince Post croit opportun d’ouvrir ses colonnes virtuelles \u00e0 tout un d\u00e9bat de fond autour de ce processus d\u00e9licat dont l’aboutissement \u00e9ventuel risque d’influencer l’avenir d’Ha\u00efti dans un sens ou dans un autre. Il y a lieu d’ouvrir le d\u00e9bat. Cet article introductif ne fait qu’annoncer toute une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9flexion \u00e0 m\u00eame de permettre \u00e0 l’opinion publique de s’approprier davantage ce grand d\u00e9bat national. Chaque semaine, des articles seront donc publi\u00e9s pour passer au peigne fin le document rendu public par le Comit\u00e9 Consultatif Ind\u00e9pendant dans le souci constant de mieux alimenter l’espace public ha\u00eftien en id\u00e9es pour un d\u00e9bat r\u00e9solument de qualit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par La R\u00e9daction de Port-au-Prince Post Un consensus semble s’\u00e9tablir autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[2298],"class_list":["post-2222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societes","tag-constitution"],"yoast_head":"\nHa\u00efti et le processus du changement de Constitution - Port-au-Prince Post<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par La R\u00e9daction de Port-au-Prince Post Un consensus semble s'\u00e9tablir autour de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de changer la charte fondamentale de la R\u00e9publique. 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