{"id":2151,"date":"2021-01-09T15:12:38","date_gmt":"2021-01-09T20:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=2151"},"modified":"2021-01-09T16:56:07","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T21:56:07","slug":"de-la-dictature-des-duvalier-a-petrocaribe-le-poids-de-limpunite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2021\/01\/09\/de-la-dictature-des-duvalier-a-petrocaribe-le-poids-de-limpunite\/","title":{"rendered":"De la dictature des Duvalier \u00e0 PetroCaribe : le poids de l’impunit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Par Juno Jean Baptiste
Twitter : @junopappost<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 chaque fois qu\u2019on \u00e9gr\u00e8ne le chapelet des souvenirs \u00e0 la fois effarants et sombres du duvali\u00e9risme en Ha\u00efti, ce qui vient en premier \u00e0 l\u2019esprit ce sont les crimes politiques atroces, les histoires scabreuses de torture \u00e0 Fort-Dimanche, la libert\u00e9 d\u2019opinion musel\u00e9e et les plusieurs dizaines de milliers de gens tu\u00e9s pendant pr\u00e8s de trente ans (plus de 60 000 morts selon l\u2019historien Georges Michel). Les crimes \u00e9conomiques sont rarement mis en avant. Pourtant, un rapport de 122 pages \u2013 que Port-au-Prince Post d\u00e9cide d’exhumer \u2013 expose, non sans clart\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9tendue des crimes \u00e9conomiques et financiers perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par ce r\u00e9gime hors norme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport, qui n\u2019avait fait l’objet d’aucun suivi, produit sous le r\u00e9gime militaire d\u2019Henry Namphy en 1987, sign\u00e9 du ministre de la Jutice d\u2019alors, Fran\u00e7ois Saint-Fleur, d\u00e9montre plus que tout autre chose que le duvali\u00e9risme, en plus de la terreur sans bornes qu\u2019il a incarn\u00e9e, est l\u2019un des r\u00e9gimes les plus corrompus de toute l\u2019histoire contemporaine d\u2019Ha\u00efti. Ce document confirme en effet, du moins pour ceux qui en doutaient encore, que cette dictature \u00e9tait le prototype de ce qu’il y a de plus funeste, en ce sens qu\u2019elle a copieusement fait la part belle \u00e0 la corruption, au n\u00e9potisme, au client\u00e9lisme et autres tares cong\u00e9nitales, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la terreur syst\u00e9matique des \u00abTontons Macoute\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER LE RAPPORT ICI<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presque tous les r\u00e9gimes politiques qui se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 en Ha\u00efti , de 1804 \u00e0 nos jours, sont marqu\u00e9s du sceau de la corruption. \u00abVoler l\u2019\u00c9tat, ce n\u2019est pas voler\u00bb, clamait, il y a plus de 150 ans, Alexandre P\u00e9tion, cit\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Leslie P\u00e9an, dans \u00ab\u00c9conomie politique de la corruption en Ha\u00efti\u00bb, un magnifique essai de plusieurs tomes. Edmond Paul, dans \u00abLes causes de nos malheurs\u00bb (1882), expliquait, il y a longtemps, \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 moindre, comment la corruption s\u2019infiltre dans le mode de gestion des \u00e9lites dirigeantes du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Port-au-Prince Post<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

LIRE AUSSI: De quelle \u201clutte contre la corruption\u201d parle Claude Joseph ?<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 n\u2019a pas chang\u00e9. Il y a eu de grands scandales de corruption. Plusieurs rapports officiels ont confirm\u00e9 le vol syst\u00e9matique de plusieurs millards de dollars du PetroCaribe par des administrations confondues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fouiller, analyser, commenter et mettre en d\u00e9bat le rapport sur les finances des Duvalier et toute la corruption qui en a d\u00e9coul\u00e9 est plus qu\u2019une exigence dans un pays o\u00f9 le dossier PetroCaribe, qui implique l\u2019enrichissement illicite des familles enti\u00e8res et des firmes enti\u00e8res, semble d\u00e9j\u00e0 un lointain oubli. Ce document est, \u00e0 plus d\u2019un titre, riche en renseignements. Primo, la dictature est l\u2019un des plus grands malheurs (en concurrence peut-\u00eatre avec l\u2019occupation am\u00e9ricaine) qui se sont abattus sur Ha\u00efti au XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Secundo, la justice, parce que toujours inf\u00e9od\u00e9e aux bottes des puissants, s\u2019est toujours r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e incapable \u00e0 punir les coupables de crimes financiers. Tercio, la corruption a la vie dure dans notre pays et que ce n\u2019est pas un rapport, quoique officiel, qui d\u00e9bouchera forc\u00e9ment sur un proc\u00e8s. Il faut toujours beaucoup plus que cela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ce rapport, pas un Duvalier n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9 ni condamn\u00e9 pour corruption. Aucun de leurs complices non plus. Au moment de remettre sous les projecteurs toute l\u2019anatomie et la physionomie de la corruption qui fleurissait sous les Duvalier, personne ne sait ce qui adviendra du dossier PetroCaribe. Les diff\u00e9rentes parties du rapport de la Cour sup\u00e9rieure des comptes et du contentieux administratif (CS\/CCA) ne sont pas malheureusement la garantie d\u2019un proc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il faut dire que plusieurs banques en Suisse ont \u00e0 maintes reprises gel\u00e9 des millions de dollars dissimul\u00e9s dans des banques \u00e9trang\u00e8res par les Duvalier et autres barrons de la dictature. Mais le processus pour restituer ces fonds \u00e0 Ha\u00efti n\u2019a jamais abouti. \u00c0 cause notamment d\u2019un manque de suivi du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des Ha\u00eftiens et d’une proc\u00e9dure extr\u00eamement complexe du c\u00f4t\u00e9 helv\u00e9tique, on n\u2019est jamais parvenu \u00e0 rapatrier ces fonds, quoiqu’ils se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent tr\u00e8s minimes comparativement \u00e0 la totalit\u00e9 des fonds siphonn\u00e9s des caisses de l\u2019\u00c9tat par les Duvalier et leurs complices. On parle tout de m\u00eame d\u2019une addition de pas moins de 500 millions de dollars dans le rapport Saint-Fleur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Port-au-Prince Post<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

LIRE AUSSI: Kot k\u00f2b Petwokaribe a? 1<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Des scandales de corruption jalonnent presque toute l\u2019histoire d\u2019Ha\u00efti. Mais il n\u2019y a gu\u00e8re de proc\u00e8s qui s\u2019ensuivent. D\u2019ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e, Ha\u00efti se r\u00e9v\u00e8le le mauvais \u00e9l\u00e8ve dans les diff\u00e9rents classements de Transparency International sur \u00abl\u2019indice de perception de corruption\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans d\u2019autres pays, plus pr\u00e8s de nous en Am\u00e9rique latine, ceux qui volent sont parfois arr\u00eat\u00e9s et forc\u00e9s de restituer l\u2019argent. Ici, en Ha\u00efti, les anciens voleurs, ceux qui se sont gav\u00e9s ind\u00fbment de l\u2019argent public pendant des ann\u00e9es, se fondent ais\u00e9ment dans le tissu social, jouissant grassement des biens mal acquis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pays devient plus corrompu alors m\u00eame que certains pays de la r\u00e9gion s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 combattre la corruption. La propension \u00e0 la dilapidation des derniers publics s\u2019est m\u00eame exacerb\u00e9e avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir du PHTK. Mais il n\u2019y a eu aucun grand proc\u00e8s de corruption au cours des cinquante derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en Ha\u00efti, sinon l\u2019arrestation de Sandro Joseph, ancien directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONA et Yves Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9andre, ancien directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019OAVCT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Juno Jean BaptisteTwitter : @junopappost \u00c0 chaque fois qu\u2019on \u00e9gr\u00e8ne le chapelet des souvenirs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[90,2288],"class_list":["post-2151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societes","tag-corruption","tag-duvalier"],"yoast_head":"\nDe la dictature des Duvalier \u00e0 PetroCaribe : le poids de l'impunit\u00e9 - Port-au-Prince Post<\/title>\n<meta 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