{"id":1222,"date":"2020-03-23T22:28:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T02:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/?p=1222"},"modified":"2020-03-24T23:04:33","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T03:04:33","slug":"coronavirus-pourquoi-le-confinement-est-impossible-en-haiti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pappost.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/23\/coronavirus-pourquoi-le-confinement-est-impossible-en-haiti\/","title":{"rendered":"Coronavirus: pourquoi le confinement est impossible en Ha\u00efti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><em>Par Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ch\u00e9restal<br>Twitter: fredcherestal<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Ce lundi 23 mars 2020, le Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population (MSPP) vient d\u2019identifier un nouveau cas de coronavirus dans le pays. Ce qui porte \u00e0 six le nombre total des infect\u00e9s. En tenant compte du fait qu\u2019aucun pays n\u2019ait encore d\u00e9couvert de vaccin, le meilleur moyen de contr\u00f4ler la propagation du Covid-19 reste le contr\u00f4le strict du mouvement des populations, du d\u00e9placement des citoyens. On parle de garder les gens chez eux le plus que possible (confinement), de limiter le rapprochement physique entre individus et groupes (social distancing). Dans cet article, on analyse trois (3) \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui remettent en cause la possibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle d\u2019adopter des mesures de confinement en Ha\u00efti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>Le caract\u00e8re informel de l\u2019\u00e9conomie en Ha\u00efti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">L\u2019\u00e9conomie informelle en Ha\u00efti repr\u00e9sente plus de 56,4% du PIB (Aspilaire, 2014). Elle regroupe plus de 57% des emplois de la capitale (IHSI, CELADE, 2007). 81% des entreprises (petit business) de la zone m\u00e9tropolitaine font partie du secteur informel (IHSI, 2007). Sous l\u2019influence d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nements politiques, militaires, environnementaux et d\u00e9mographiques, l\u2019\u00e9conomie ha\u00eftienne conna\u00eet, pour la p\u00e9riode contemporaine, une informalisation \u00e0 outrance se caract\u00e9risant par la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, l\u2019absence de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat et le fonctionnement quasi-d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9. Dans nos grandes villes (Port-au-Prince, Cap-ha\u00eftien, Gona\u00efves, Saint-Marc, Les Cayes, etc) plusieurs millions de citoyennes et citoyens sont dans les rues au jour le jour pour gagner leur vie et subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins (nourriture, \u00e9colage, loyer, &#8220;s\u00f2l&#8221;, frais d\u2019h\u00f4pitaux, etc.). Ces gens-l\u00e0 exercent des activit\u00e9s diverses : commer\u00e7ants, chaffeurs, portefaix, cireurs de chaussures, restaurateurs ambulants, etc. Ce sont les &#8220;fabricants de nos villes&#8221;. Comment garder ces gens-l\u00e0 chez eux; quand leur existence m\u00eame d\u00e9pend de leur pr\u00e9sence dans les rues de nos villes?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pappost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ezgif.com-video-to-gif-1-1.gif?resize=480%2C226&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1050\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>Nos espaces sociaux vides<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">L\u2019\u00c9tat en Ha\u00efti ne contr\u00f4le pas le territoire national. C\u2019est un fait. Nous n\u2019allons m\u00eame pas prendre l\u2019exemple r\u00e9cent de nos quartiers populaires, avec les zones dites &#8220;de non-droits&#8221;. L\u2019\u00c9tat en Ha\u00efti ne contr\u00f4le que quelques grandes villes et grands axes routiers. Les originaires de villes de province et ceux qui les fr\u00e9quentent souvent peuvent s\u2019en rendre compte facilement. D\u00e8s qu\u2019on laisse le niveau de chefs-lieux d\u2019arrondissement, on retrouve des populations livr\u00e9es \u00e0 elles-m\u00eames, qui s\u2019auto-organisent pour vivre, soit autour d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 religieuse (pr\u00eatre catholique, pasteur ou pr\u00eatre voodou), soit autour d\u2019un ancien notable de la zone. Des pans entiers du territoire national fonctionnenent, depuis l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 &#8220;le diable \u00e9tait caporal&#8221;, sans la pr\u00e9sence de la police, des douanes, de la DGI, etc. L\u2019\u00c9tat n\u2019existe pas pour ces gens-l\u00e0! Ils rencontrent ses repr\u00e9sentants (anciens et\/ ou futurs) en p\u00e9riode \u00e9lectorale.\u00a0 La plupart du temps, pour \u00e9couter des &#8220;promesses de changement&#8221;, qui font miroiter un avenir lointain, brutalement stopp\u00e9 apr\u00e8s les d\u00e9comptes dans les urnes. Qui va sensibiliser les populations de ces zones &#8220;sans \u00c9tat&#8221; contre le Covid-19? Qui sera en charge de faire respecter les mesures pr\u00e9ventives pour y \u00e9viter la propagation de la maladie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>La mentalit\u00e9 de \u201cBon Dieu Bon\u201d de l\u2019ha\u00eftien <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Dimanche matin, autour de 9h am, au Centre-ville de Port-au-Prince, une marchande sert de la soupe au giraumont \u00e0 des riverains. En plein milieu d\u2019une rue, un cache-nez couvre la moiti\u00e9 du visage de la commer\u00e7ante! En pleine \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Coronavirus, la restauration ambulante &#8220;manje kwit&#8221; est encore pratique courante en Ha\u00efti. La sc\u00e8ne, path\u00e9tique au prime abord, prend le caract\u00e8re ubuesque de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ha\u00eftienne. Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, nous vivons en pleine fiction dans ce pays! Le r\u00e9el a d\u00e9rap\u00e9. L\u2019ha\u00eftien vit dans un univers de &#8220;tout est possible&#8221;. Il ne croit plus. Il n\u2019attend plus. Entre laisser le pays \u00e0 tout prix ou rentrer dans la danse macabre du &#8220;brassage&#8221;, la balance peine \u00e0 garder son \u00e9quilibre. Pour bon nombre d\u2019entre eux, le Covid-19 est un immense bluff. Et les commentaires vont bon train : ce virus ne tue pas les noirs, il fait trop chaud en Ha\u00efti pour conna\u00eetre cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie, les m\u00e9dias nous mentent, on devrait prendre plus de vitamines C, Dieu et\/ou les loas va\/vont nous prot\u00e9ger, etc. Les gens ne prennent pas cette \u00e9pid\u00e9mie au s\u00e9rieux, malgr\u00e9 &#8220;l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Urgence sanitaire&#8221; annonc\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00c9tat! Pour preuve, d\u00e8s 5h am, les rues sont remplies jusqu\u2019\u00e0 tard le soir. Tout fonctionne dans le pays, \u00e0 part les \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s. Comment sensibiliser une population qui n\u2019a plus de rep\u00e8res?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">La situation actuelle dans certains pays fait tr\u00e8s peur. Nous avons des exemples terribles comme l\u2019Italie, la France, des USA et plus pr\u00e8s de nous de la R\u00e9publique Dominicaine face au Coronavirus. Un bilan partiel (sources combin\u00e9es : AFP, Institut John Hopkins, Le Monde) souligne plus d\u2019un milliard de personnes qui sont confin\u00e9es, plus de 15 000 morts, plus de 341 000 cas. Le meilleur moyen en Ha\u00efti serait d\u2019\u00e9viter la propagation du virus en limitant les contacts entre les individus et les groupes. C\u2019est pratiquement impossible, en tenant compte de certaines r\u00e9alit\u00e9s : le caract\u00e8re informel de notre \u00e9conomie, l\u2019absence de l\u2019\u00c9tat dans des zones du pays et \u2026 la mentalit\u00e9 de &#8220;Bon Dieu Bon&#8221; de nos citoyennes et citoyens. \u00c0 part la d\u00e9couverte et l&#8217;accessibilit\u00e9 rapide \u00e0 un vaccin pour \u00e9radiquer le Covid-19, limiter ses d\u00e9g\u00e2ts en Ha\u00efti parait ubuesque! 2020 sera longue \u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ch\u00e9restalTwitter: fredcherestal Ce lundi 23 mars 2020, le Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[58,33],"class_list":["post-1222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societes","tag-coronavirus","tag-haiti"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Coronavirus: pourquoi le confinement est impossible en Ha\u00efti - Port-au-Prince Post<\/title>\n<meta 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